diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
index 9d4567874b..a0c64099dc 100644
--- a/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -936,6 +936,30 @@ def test_v2_model_runner_supports_extract_hidden_states():
     assert config._get_v2_model_runner_unsupported_features() == []
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_heterogeneous_vocab", [False, True])
+def test_v2_model_runner_heterogeneous_vocab_draft_falls_back_to_v1(
+    use_heterogeneous_vocab,
+):
+    """The V2 draft-model speculator exchanges token ids with the target
+    without a vocab mapping, so a heterogeneous-vocab (TLI) draft must stay on
+    V1, where VocabMapping translates them."""
+    config = VllmConfig()
+    config.speculative_config = cast(
+        SpeculativeConfig,
+        SimpleNamespace(
+            method="draft_model",
+            parallel_drafting=False,
+            enable_adaptive_verification=False,
+            use_heterogeneous_vocab=use_heterogeneous_vocab,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    expected = ["heterogeneous-vocabulary draft models"]
+    assert config._get_v2_model_runner_unsupported_features() == (
+        expected if use_heterogeneous_vocab else []
+    )
+
+
 def test_v2_model_runner_supports_custom_logits_processors():
     config = VllmConfig()
     config.model_config = cast(
diff --git a/vllm/config/vllm.py b/vllm/config/vllm.py
index dec1f27fe1..b847da4320 100644
--- a/vllm/config/vllm.py
+++ b/vllm/config/vllm.py
@@ -3159,6 +3159,11 @@ class VllmConfig:
             ):
                 unsupported.append("parallel drafting for EAGLE speculative decoding")
 
+            # The V2 draft-model speculator has no token mapping between the
+            # draft and target vocabularies (TLI is TBD in #47172).
+            if getattr(speculative_config, "use_heterogeneous_vocab", False):
+                unsupported.append("heterogeneous-vocabulary draft models")
+
         if self.parallel_config.use_ubatching:
             unsupported.extend(self._get_dbo_unsupported_features())