diff --git a/rust/src/text/src/lower.rs b/rust/src/text/src/lower.rs
index 9fa8c78f4f..319c995369 100644
--- a/rust/src/text/src/lower.rs
+++ b/rust/src/text/src/lower.rs
@@ -1338,6 +1338,47 @@ mod tests {
         ));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn lower_sampling_params_enforces_bad_words_limits() {
+        let tokenizer = TestTokenizer::new()
+            .with_regular_token("blocked", 300)
+            .with_regular_token(" blocked", 301);
+        let lower = |bad_words: Option<Vec<String>>, bad_words_token_ids: Vec<Vec<u32>>| {
+            lower_sampling_params(
+                SamplingParams {
+                    bad_words,
+                    bad_words_token_ids: Some(bad_words_token_ids),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                SamplingHints::default(),
+                sample_sampling_limits(),
+                3,
+                &tokenizer,
+            )
+        };
+
+        lower(None, vec![vec![7; 8]; 128]).unwrap();
+        for (bad_words, raw, expected) in [
+            (
+                None,
+                vec![vec![7]; 129],
+                "Too many bad words: 129. The max number is 128.",
+            ),
+            (
+                Some(vec!["blocked".to_string()]),
+                vec![vec![7]; 127],
+                "Too many bad words: 129. The max number is 128.",
+            ),
+            (
+                None,
+                vec![vec![7; 1025]],
+                "Too many total bad word tokens: 1025. The max is 1024.",
+            ),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(lower(bad_words, raw).unwrap_err().to_string(), expected);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn lower_sampling_params_rejects_out_of_vocab_logit_bias() {
         let error = lower_sampling_params_with_limits(
diff --git a/rust/src/text/src/lower/token_ids.rs b/rust/src/text/src/lower/token_ids.rs
index 51329f9290..b7f160b919 100644
--- a/rust/src/text/src/lower/token_ids.rs
+++ b/rust/src/text/src/lower/token_ids.rs
@@ -8,12 +8,21 @@ use vllm_engine_core_client::protocol::sampling::EngineCoreSamplingParams;
 
 use crate::SamplingLimits;
 
+const MAX_NUM_BAD_WORDS_ENV: &str = "VLLM_MAX_NUM_BAD_WORDS";
+const DEFAULT_MAX_NUM_BAD_WORDS: usize = 128;
+const MAX_BAD_WORDS_TOTAL_TOKENS_ENV: &str = "VLLM_MAX_BAD_WORDS_TOTAL_TOKENS";
+const DEFAULT_MAX_BAD_WORDS_TOTAL_TOKENS: usize = 1024;
+
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum TokenIdsError {
     #[error("allowed_token_ids should not be empty")]
     EmptyAllowedTokenIds,
     #[error("bad_words_token_ids must not contain empty sequences")]
     EmptyBadWordSequence,
+    #[error("Too many bad words: {count}. The max number is {max}.")]
+    TooManyBadWords { count: usize, max: usize },
+    #[error("Too many total bad word tokens: {count}. The max is {max}.")]
+    TooManyBadWordTokens { count: usize, max: usize },
     #[error(
         "token_id(s) {token_ids:?} in {parameter} are out of vocabulary. \
          Vocabulary size: {vocab_size}"
@@ -45,6 +54,31 @@ fn validate_param(
     })
 }
 
+fn env_limit(name: &str, default: usize) -> usize {
+    std::env::var(name).ok().and_then(|value| value.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(default)
+}
+
+/// Mirrors Model Runner V2's per-request bad-words buffer limits:
+/// <https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/a956a8126e6bd184cb0a6b8f7318fe4717675c2f/vllm/v1/worker/gpu/sample/bad_words.py#L40-L66>
+fn validate_bad_words_limits(bad_words_token_ids: &[Vec<u32>]) -> Result<(), TokenIdsError> {
+    let count = bad_words_token_ids.len();
+    let max = env_limit(MAX_NUM_BAD_WORDS_ENV, DEFAULT_MAX_NUM_BAD_WORDS);
+    if count > max {
+        return Err(TokenIdsError::TooManyBadWords { count, max });
+    }
+
+    let count = bad_words_token_ids.iter().map(Vec::len).sum();
+    let max = env_limit(
+        MAX_BAD_WORDS_TOTAL_TOKENS_ENV,
+        DEFAULT_MAX_BAD_WORDS_TOTAL_TOKENS,
+    );
+    if count > max {
+        return Err(TokenIdsError::TooManyBadWordTokens { count, max });
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Validate that pre-tokenized prompt IDs are within the engine-visible prompt
 /// vocabulary range.
 pub(crate) fn validate_prompt_token_ids(
@@ -101,6 +135,7 @@ pub(crate) fn validate_vocab_range(
         if bad_words_token_ids.iter().any(Vec::is_empty) {
             return Err(TokenIdsError::EmptyBadWordSequence);
         }
+        validate_bad_words_limits(bad_words_token_ids)?;
         validate_param(
             "bad_words",
             bad_words_token_ids.iter().flatten().copied(),